The Chinese Zodiac (生肖, Shēngxiào) is one of the oldest active astrological systems in the world, with roots stretching back to at least the Han Dynasty (202 BCE – 220 CE), though the twelve animal cycle is referenced in texts as early as the 5th century BCE. According to legend, the twelve animals were chosen by the Jade Emperor in a great race — the order in which they finished determined the order of the zodiac cycle.
The system operates on a 12-year cycle, with each year governed by one of twelve animals: Rat, Ox, Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Goat, Monkey, Rooster, Dog, and Pig. The cycle is further embedded within a 60-year Grand Cycle formed by combining the 12 animals with the Five Elements (Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, Water), producing 60 distinct year-types before repeating.
Unlike Western astrology's solar basis, the Chinese zodiac uses the traditional lunisolar calendar. The Chinese New Year falls between late January and late February, which means the animal year does not begin on January 1 — a detail that significantly affects birth year calculations. The Chinese zodiac deeply influences culture across East and Southeast Asia, shaping compatibility beliefs, business decisions, baby-naming, and annual festival traditions.